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In 1870 he proposed four ideal time zones having north–south borders, the first centered on Washington, D.C., but by 1872 the first was centered on meridian 75° west of Greenwich, with natural borders such as sections of the Appalachian Mountains. Dowd proposed a system of hourly standard time zones for North American railroads around 1863, although he published nothing on the matter at that time and did not consult railroad officials until 1869. ġ913 time zone map of the United States, showing boundaries very different from todayĬharles F. Some junctions served by several railroads had a clock for each railroad, each showing a different time. Each railroad used its own standard time, usually based on the local time of its headquarters or most important terminus, and the railroad's train schedules were published using its own time. Timekeeping on North American railroads in the 19th century was complex. This standard was known as New Zealand Mean Time. It was based on longitude 172☃0′ east of Greenwich, that is 11 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. On November 2, 1868, the then British Colony of New Zealand officially adopted a standard time to be observed throughout the colony. Some British clocks from this period have two minute hands, one for the local time and one for GMT. By 1855, 98% of Great Britain's public clocks were using GMT, but it was not made the island's legal time until August 2, 1880. This practice was soon followed by other railway companies in Great Britain and became known as Railway Time.Īround August 23, 1852, time signals were first transmitted by telegraph from the Royal Observatory.
Code on time default century portable#
In November 1840, the Great Western Railway started using GMT kept by portable chronometers. In the 19th century, as transportation and telecommunications improved, it became increasingly inconvenient for each location to observe its own solar time.
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The control panel of the Time Zone Clock in front of Coventry Transport Museum. Russia: Jewish, Khabarovsk, Primorsky, Sakha (central-east)Īustralia: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, New South Wales (most), Tasmania, Victoria Indonesia: Maluku, North Maluku, Papua, West Papua Indonesia: South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara Russia: Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Kemerovo, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tuva Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan Russia: Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Khanty-Mansi, Kurgan, Orenburg, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Yamalia Kazakhstan: Aktobe, Atyrau, Baikonur, Kyzylorda, Mangystau, West Kazakhstan Russia: Astrakhan, Samara, Saratov, Udmurtia, Ulyanovskįrench Southern and Antarctic Lands: Kerguelen Islands, Saint Paul Island, Amsterdam Island Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunhaĭemocratic Republic of the Congo: Équateur, Kinshasa, Kongo Central, Kwango, Kwilu, Mai-Ndombe, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi, Tshuapaįrench Southern and Antarctic Lands: Scattered Islands įrench Southern and Antarctic Lands: Crozet Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands United States: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida (most), Georgia, Indiana (most), Kentucky (most), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan (most), New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginiaīrazil: Amazonas (most), Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, RoraimaĬanada: Labrador (most), New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward IslandĬanada: Newfoundland, Labrador (southeast) United States: Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas (most), Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska (most), North Dakota (most), Oklahoma, South Dakota (most), Tennessee (most), Texas (most), WisconsinĬanada: Atikokan, Mishkeegogamang, Southampton IslandĬanada: Nunavut (east), Ontario (most), Quebec (most) United States: Colorado, Idaho (most), Montana, New Mexico, Utah, WyomingĬanada: Manitoba, Nunavut (central), Ontario (west) Mexico: Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Nayarit (most), Sinaloa United States: California, Idaho (north), Nevada (most), Oregon (most), WashingtonĬanada: British Columbia (northeast), YukonĬanada: Alberta, British Columbia (southeast), Northwest Territories, Nunavut (west) United States: Andreanof Islands, Islands of Four Mountains, Near Islands, Rat Islands ( Aleutian Islands, Alaska) For example, during the DST period California observes UTC−07:00 and the United Kingdom observes UTC+01:00.
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When DST is in effect, approximately during spring and summer, their UTC offset is increased by one hour (except for Lord Howe Island, where it is increased by 30 minutes). In the table below, the locations that use daylight saving time (DST) are listed in their UTC offset when DST is not in effect.